Stakeholders and gender advocates have called for a
fundamental redesign of Nigeria’s justice landscape to ensure it effectively
serves women and girls, during a Ford Foundation dialogue centered on the
effectiveness of the nation's plural justice system. The conversation, which
took place on the sidelines of CSW70 in New York, moved beyond legal frameworks
to address the lived realities of survivors, emphasizing that justice only
works when legal literacy is strengthened, and the economic and cultural barriers
that currently force women into silence are removed.
Across the country, justice is shaped by multiple systems:
statutory, customary, and religious. In theory, these systems should work
together. In reality, they often leave gaps where survivors of gender-based
violence fall through, unheard and unsupported, and Legal processes can be
costly and slow. Customary systems, though closer to communities, can reflect
norms that do not always protect women and girls.
The conversation extended beyond systems and frameworks,
becoming a frank exploration of lived experiences, complex trade-offs, and the
potential for change, where the most impactful moments were shaped not by
theory but by genuine honesty.
Speaking on the barriers many women face in accessing formal
justice, His Royal Majesty, Obi Benjamin Ikenchukwu Keagboruzi, the Dein of
Agbor, underscored the practical constraints that continue to push justice out
of reach. “Court fees, transportation, legal representation, and time away from
work, each one a cost that pushes justice further out of reach,” he said.
For many women, he added, these realities leave them with
little choice but to turn to customary systems that are more accessible, but
not always more protective.
Sharing her perspective from the Bench, Justice Bukunola
Adebiyi, Justice of the Lagos State High Court, reminded the room that even
when laws exist, justice is not guaranteed. Cases can fail long before judgment
— in how they are investigated, how evidence is gathered, and how they are
presented. Strengthening these processes, she said, is essential if the system
is to truly serve survivors.
The most sobering reflections came from lived experiences.
Ngozi Valentina Enih, Commissioner for Children, Gender Affairs, and Social
Development in Enugu State, spoke not only as a policymaker but also as a
survivor. She shared what it means to pursue justice in a context where silence
is often reinforced by the need for economic survival. She explained that
“Families sometimes withdraw cases not because harm did not occur, but because
the perpetrator is also a provider. In those moments, justice competes with
survival — and too often, survival wins”.
Rather than treating culture only as a barrier, Elsa
Stamatopoulou, Adjunct Professor of Anthropology and former Director of the
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Program at Columbia University’s Institute for the
Study of Human Rights, offered a different lens, one that recognized culture as
a resource. Across communities, women are already mobilizing cultural systems,
building networks of support, and challenging violence from within. The
question, then she said, is not whether culture is part of the problem, but how
it can become part of the solution.
Moderating the conversation, Professor Joy Ezeilo, SAN,
Executive Director of the Women’s Aid Collective (WACOL), brought these threads
together with clarity. Nigeria’s plural legal system, she argued, “should not
be seen as a weakness to be resolved, but as a possibility to be shaped. The
task is not to choose between systems, but to ensure that all of them evolve
toward a single standard: dignity, safety, and equality for women and girls”.
Participants pointed to a number of solutions, including
strengthening legal literacy so women understand their rights, expanding
grassroots legal support so communities are not left navigating systems alone,
and ensuring that women themselves play a central role in shaping both
customary and statutory reforms.
As Dr. ChiChi Aniagolu-Okoye, the Regional Director, West
Africa, Ford Foundation, reflected, the real challenge — and the real
opportunity — lies in building a system where justice is not only available in
principle, but reachable in practice for every woman and girl.
“The future of justice for women and girls in Nigeria will
not be built on one system alone. It will be shaped at the intersections —
where courts, communities, and cultures meet. It will be built when barriers
are reduced, when systems listen, and when solutions are designed with the
realities of women at the center,” she said.
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